Distinguish the 4 stances: High Argumentative

Distinguishing the four stances: High Argumentative

Learning Objectives & Strategies:
Understand the differences between the 4 stances.
1. Look at each example in the different sentence types.
2. Look at the bolded stance keywards and what grammatical xxxcategories do they fall in (modal auxiliary, adverbs?).
3. Compare the keywords across the 4 stances.

Non Argumentative High Argumentative Med Argumentative Tentative

Sentence Types (What is this?)

Linguistic Expressions

	Modal Auxiliary	Proclaiming Adverb
1) S. + Active verb to pose action, describe procedures, cause and effect, etc. (Example 1) In the last two decades of learning sciences research, scaffolding does become prominent. (Example 2) In the last two decades of learning sciences research, scaffolding has become clearly prominent.	does	clearly
2) Passive form (Example 1) Many European schools should be confronted with an increasingly ethnically diverse student population. (Example 2) Many European schools were indeed confronted with an increasingly ethnically diverse student population.	should	indeed
3) Be + N, adj or to V (Example 1) Scaffolding has to be a key strategy in cognitive apprenticeship. (Example 2) Scaffolding is obviously a key strategy in cognitive apprenticeship.	has to	obviously
4) Countering connectors However, critics have disagreed vigorously about the goals and features of an improved pedagogy.	N.A.	N.A.
5) S + (contending, proclaiming, or endorsing) V. We (have to or greatly) defend that researchers should view this disciplinary division as an opportunity rather than an obstacle.	Maybe (have to)	Maybe (greatly)